Works of Abul Baraa Muhamad Amreeki

The obligation of the fast of Ramadan is upon all Muslims who reach puberty they have the capability to establish the fast.

Concerning the Kafir [ disbeliever of Islam, i.e. the people of the book, Jews and Christians, Mushrik Idol worshipers, non-Muslims] it not correct for the kafir to fasts, nor is it correct any acts of worship in Islam until he submits [ as a Muslim].

The scholars unanimously agree that the fast is an obligation upon the Muslim who has a sound mind [not insane, nor have intellectual disability, cannot understand] and reach maturity [puberty], and the resident [ the one who not a traveler].It is obligatory the woman be clean from menstruation and puerperal blood [ postnatal bleeding after child birth]. [Fiqhus-Sunnah]

Concerning children, it is not an obligation upon them. Only ordering them with what is desirable to get them accustom to fasting.

The narration by Ar-Rabia bint Mu’awwidh radi Allahu anha ” The Prophet sallahu wa alayhi wa salam sent a Messenger to the village of the Ansar in the morning of the day of Ashura [1o the of Muharram] to announce ‘whoever has eaten something should not eat but complete the fast, and whoever is observing the Fast should complete it’.” She further said” since then we used to observe fast on that day regularly and also make our boys [children] observe Fast. We used to make toys of wool for the boys and if anyone of them cried for food he was given those toys till it was time for Iftar [ breaking the fast]. al-Bukhareee.

Puberty signs are:

Question and Answers from Shaykh Abdul Azeez bin Baz

http://www.binbaz.org.sa/mat/431/print

Question:

Do you order the boy mumiyaz [ who knows the difference between right and wrong] with fasting? And is he permitted to fast if he reaches puberty during the day hours of Ramadan?

Answer:

Boys and Girls if they reach the ages of seven [ Islamic Hijrah Lunar calendar/ Solar calendar around age 10/11] or older you order them with fasting and make it their habit. And upon their guardians, they order them with fasting like they order them with the Salah [ Islamic Prayer]. So when they reach puberty it is Wajib [an obligation] upon them fasting. So if they reach puberty during the day [ of Ramadan] they are rewarded for that day. So it is Fard [must do and sin if abandon] that the boy age is fifteen years [ he reach puberty that day] and reaches the time between al-Asr and al-Magrib [ right before al-Magrib] he gets a reward for that day of fasting. Because in the early of the day of Fast was Nawfil [ action that not fard, no sin if you leave it] and at the end of the day of fasting it was Fard [ because he reaches puberty between al-Asr and al-Magrib]. Because he did not reach puberty before that, and the signs of puberty are pubic hairs growing around private area. Or release from him sperm[ i.e. because he is aroused or from wet dream], and like this is the ruling for boys and girls is the same. Except the girls have the sign that she reached puberty which is Mensuration.

Concerning the Majnoon [ insane or mental disability do not know the difference between right and wrong]:

Regarding the non-obligation of the fast is the adult insane or intellectual disability. The non-obligation of the fast [free from fasting] is the adult insane or intellectual disability.

From the statement of Allah’s Messenger sallahu wa alyhi wa salam said:

” The pen is lifted from three:

1.The one insane until he regains sanity

2.The one who asleep until he wakes up

3.The child until he [or she] reaches maturity [puberty].

Shaheeh, narrated by Abu Dawud, and Ani-Nisa, and Ahmed.

Concerning those who do not have the ability to fasts as an elderly man and woman. And the sick who illness is chronic and their no hope for them to regain their health. They may eat but on them is feeding a poor person each day:

For the statement of Allah the Most High:

ۚوَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ
“..And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day). ..”

Surah al-Baqara 184

Whereas al-Bukharee narrates regarding Aa’ta that he narrated he heard Ibn Abas radi Allahu anhu read ” And as for those who can fast [but] with Difficulty. They have to feed a Miskin [ poor person] every day…” he said ibn Abas ‘this is not abolished it is for an old man and old woman. That they are not able to fast so they feed a miskin [ poor person] each day.’ ”

Concerning the traveler [traveler who has hardship so it is hard to fast] and the sick, which have a sickness and regain his health:

It is permitted for them the traveler and the sick to break their fasts and Al-Qada [make up the fast] the days they miss after Ramadan. Allah the Most High said:

وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ
“…he must observe Saum (fasts) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days. Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you…”

Surah al-Baqara 185

The Ruling regarding the Pregnant and Nursing Mothers [breast feeding]:

If the pregnant and nursing mother [breast feeding]. If the two the pregnant and nursing mother not able to fast or fear upon her children [lack of breast milk because of the fasting, or fear her fasting will harm her fetus] for they may break their fasts and upon them is Fadiya [ fine of feed a poor person each day them two missed the fast. And al Qada is not on them.

The isnad corrects by the standards of Imam Muslim and ranked by AlBanni.

Narrated by Nafea he said:

“There was a girl who belongs to ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma under [the care] of a man from Quraish. She was pregnant and was afflicted with thirst in Ramadan. So he orders her Ibn Umar that she break her fasts and for each day feed a poor person.” Saheeh Isnad.

Note the Kafarah [attonement] One Saa [Approx. 1 kilogram] from wheat rice or the like of that from the main produce of that land.

Fatawaa al-Islammiya Shaykh Muhammad bin Salih al Uthymeen rahimahullah said: ” The one responsible for the baby care hold responsible for the payment.”

There is a difference of opinion regarding the Ruling of the pregnant and the nursing mother [breast feeding], that there no kafarah [atonement] but upon them, two is Al-Qada [making up the days of fasting missed].
Question and Answer regarding Ramadan present to As-Shaykh Abdul Azeez bin Baz rahimahullah.

Question:

Is it permitted to break the fast of the pregnant woman and the nursing mother [ breast feeding]. And what is the obligation upon them two to make up the fast [Al-Qada] or there is Khafarah [atonement] for breaking their fasts?

Answer:

The pregnant and the nursing mother the ruling for the two is the same ruling as the sick. If there is a hardship for the two fasting. The Islamic Laws allow them to break their fast. And upon them is Al-Qada, with the ability to perform that is like the ill [sick].

Some of Ahul Ilm goes further to that it is sufficient for them two [pregnant and breasting feeding mother] to give food each day. To feed a poor person. And this saying is weakly promoted. What is correct answer: upon them, two is al-Qada [make up the missed days of fasting]. Like the traveler and the ill. for the statement of Allah the Most High:

فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.

Surah al-Baqra 184

Also indicate upon that also is a Hadeeth Anas ibn Malik al-Kabaa that the Messenger of Allah sallahu wa alayhi wa salam said: “Indeed Allah regarding the traveler, indeed He subjected for the traveler with the fast [ either he can fast or break the fast], and the condition of the salah [ shorting the salah which is a Mercy from Allah for the traveler]. And regarding the Pregnant and nursing mother [breast feeding] the fast [ meaning the option to break her fasts due to her pregnancy, and due to her fearing of no milk for the suckling children].” Narrated by the five [ collectors of Hadeeth].

Concerning the Rulings regarding Haid [Menstruation] and Nifas [ Puerperal Blood postnatal bleeding that which come after child birth]:

Concerning the Rulings regarding Haid [Menstruation] and Nifas [ Puerperal Blood postnatal bleeding that which come after childbirth which last maximum for forty days] rather for the two Haid and Nifas, Iftar [breaking the fast] in the days of Ramadan and Al-Qada when they are pure [means it is not permissible to fast when one is afflicted with Haid and Nifas].

Aisha radi Allahu anhu said: “when we were afflicted with menses upon the authority of Allah’s Messenger sallahu wa alayhi wa salam we were ordered to Qada [ break our fasts and make up the missed days of fasting] and not to make up the salah .” Agree upon.

Translated & Compiled by Abul Baraa Muhammad Amreeki.